{
  "edition": "Australia 2026",
  "editionPeriod": "FY2025-26",
  "version": "0.5.0",
  "prepared": "2026-09-25",
  "status": "Published October 2026",
  "author": "Alex Solo, Co-Founder, Sprintlaw",
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          "z": 2.625,
          "p_value": 0.008664896726025124
        },
        "issues": [
          {
            "issue": "Unclear from excerpt",
            "total": 256,
            "by_year": {
              "2024": 107,
              "2025": 149
            }
          }
        ],
        "stages": {
          "interlocutory": 157,
          "appeal": 56,
          "costs": 36,
          "unclear": 5,
          "approval": 2
        },
        "regulator_applicant": 8,
        "regulator_applicant_by": {
          "ASIC": 8
        },
        "proprietary_company_named": 8,
        "title_families": 204,
        "from_basket": 0,
        "from_procedural": 248,
        "from_outside": 5
      }
    ],
    "corporations_label": {
      "total": 552,
      "crosswalk": [
        {
          "area_id": "insolvency",
          "area": "Financial distress & insolvency",
          "issue": "Administration, liquidation & receivership process",
          "count": 240
        },
        {
          "area_id": "ownership",
          "area": "Ownership & governance",
          "issue": "Schemes, takeovers & capital transactions",
          "count": 78
        },
        {
          "area_id": "other_business",
          "area": "Other business law",
          "issue": "Company law (issue not stated in excerpt)",
          "count": 60
        },
        {
          "area_id": "other_business",
          "area": "Other business law",
          "issue": "Financial services, investments & markets",
          "count": 38
        },
        {
          "area_id": "insolvency",
          "area": "Financial distress & insolvency",
          "issue": "Winding up & statutory demands",
          "count": 33
        },
        {
          "area_id": "insolvency",
          "area": "Financial distress & insolvency",
          "issue": "Recovery claims: insolvent trading & voidable transactions",
          "count": 22
        },
        {
          "area_id": "ownership",
          "area": "Ownership & governance",
          "issue": "Shareholder & member disputes",
          "count": 17
        },
        {
          "area_id": "contracts",
          "area": "Contracts, customers & payments",
          "issue": "Loans, guarantees & security interests",
          "count": 15
        },
        {
          "area_id": "ownership",
          "area": "Ownership & governance",
          "issue": "Company administration & records",
          "count": 10
        },
        {
          "area_id": "ownership",
          "area": "Ownership & governance",
          "issue": "Directors' duties & officer liability",
          "count": 9
        },
        {
          "area_id": "insolvency",
          "area": "Financial distress & insolvency",
          "issue": "Liquidator examinations & investigations",
          "count": 6
        },
        {
          "area_id": "contracts",
          "area": "Contracts, customers & payments",
          "issue": "Competition, franchising & industry codes",
          "count": 4
        },
        {
          "area_id": "employment",
          "area": "Employment & workplace",
          "issue": "Employment contracts, restraints & confidential information",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "area_id": "contracts",
          "area": "Contracts, customers & payments",
          "issue": "Consumer protection & advertising",
          "count": 3
        },
        {
          "area_id": "other_business",
          "area": "Other business law",
          "issue": "Dispute involving a business (issue not stated in excerpt)",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "area_id": "ip",
          "area": "Brand & intellectual property",
          "issue": "Trade marks, names & passing off",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "area_id": "employment",
          "area": "Employment & workplace",
          "issue": "Unions, agreements & industrial action",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "area_id": "insolvency",
          "area": "Financial distress & insolvency",
          "issue": "Personal bankruptcy",
          "count": 2
        },
        {
          "area_id": "employment",
          "area": "Employment & workplace",
          "issue": "General protections & discrimination",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "area_id": "other_business",
          "area": "Other business law",
          "issue": "Telecommunications & media regulation",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "area_id": "contracts",
          "area": "Contracts, customers & payments",
          "issue": "Unfair contract terms",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "area_id": "contracts",
          "area": "Contracts, customers & payments",
          "issue": "Contract formation, terms & breach",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "area_id": "other_business",
          "area": "Other business law",
          "issue": "Insurance",
          "count": 1
        },
        {
          "area_id": "other_business",
          "area": "Other business law",
          "issue": "Industry regulation (other)",
          "count": 1
        }
      ]
    },
    "stages_business": {
      "interlocutory": 681,
      "merits": 455,
      "administration": 345,
      "appeal": 325,
      "costs": 164,
      "unclear": 145,
      "approval": 121,
      "penalty": 60
    },
    "stages_six": {
      "administration": 345,
      "merits": 297,
      "interlocutory": 261,
      "appeal": 156,
      "unclear": 90,
      "approval": 82,
      "costs": 62,
      "penalty": 48
    },
    "regulator_applicant_business": 250,
    "excerpt_without_catchwords": 486,
    "validation": {
      "lens_version": "issue-lens-1.0",
      "sample_size": 228,
      "strata": {
        "employment": 30,
        "contracts": 30,
        "ownership": 25,
        "insolvency": 35,
        "privacy": 3,
        "ip": 25,
        "other_business": 35,
        "non_business": 25,
        "unclear": 20
      },
      "selection": "Stratified by rule-assigned area; first n per stratum ordered by SHA-256 of 'lens-v1-validation|' + citation",
      "inputs_seen_by_reviewers": "title, court, official primary subject, catchwords excerpt (no rule output)",
      "area_agreement": {
        "rules_vs_reviewer_a": 0.8859649122807017,
        "rules_vs_reviewer_b": 0.8947368421052632,
        "reviewer_a_vs_b": 0.9692982456140351,
        "kappa_rules_a": 0.8692977620989968,
        "kappa_rules_b": 0.8792719249862107,
        "kappa_a_b": 0.9645750560451024,
        "all_three_agree": 0.8771929824561403
      },
      "against_adjudicated_labels": {
        "per_rule_area_precision": {
          "employment": {
            "n": 30,
            "area_correct": 29,
            "area_precision": 0.9666666666666667,
            "ci95": [
              0.833,
              0.994
            ],
            "issue_correct": 22,
            "issue_precision": 0.7333333333333333,
            "population": 233
          },
          "contracts": {
            "n": 30,
            "area_correct": 27,
            "area_precision": 0.9,
            "ci95": [
              0.744,
              0.965
            ],
            "issue_correct": 24,
            "issue_precision": 0.8,
            "population": 178
          },
          "ownership": {
            "n": 25,
            "area_correct": 22,
            "area_precision": 0.88,
            "ci95": [
              0.7,
              0.958
            ],
            "issue_correct": 21,
            "issue_precision": 0.84,
            "population": 136
          },
          "insolvency": {
            "n": 35,
            "area_correct": 30,
            "area_precision": 0.8571428571428571,
            "ci95": [
              0.706,
              0.937
            ],
            "issue_correct": 28,
            "issue_precision": 0.8,
            "population": 668
          },
          "privacy": {
            "n": 3,
            "area_correct": 3,
            "area_precision": 1.0,
            "ci95": [
              0.438,
              1.0
            ],
            "issue_correct": 3,
            "issue_precision": 1.0,
            "population": 3
          },
          "ip": {
            "n": 25,
            "area_correct": 25,
            "area_precision": 1.0,
            "ci95": [
              0.867,
              1.0
            ],
            "issue_correct": 25,
            "issue_precision": 1.0,
            "population": 123
          },
          "other_business": {
            "n": 35,
            "area_correct": 33,
            "area_precision": 0.9428571428571428,
            "ci95": [
              0.814,
              0.984
            ],
            "issue_correct": 32,
            "issue_precision": 0.9142857142857143,
            "population": 955
          },
          "non_business": {
            "n": 25,
            "area_correct": 25,
            "area_precision": 1.0,
            "ci95": [
              0.867,
              1.0
            ],
            "issue_correct": 24,
            "issue_precision": 0.96,
            "population": 1043
          },
          "unclear": {
            "n": 20,
            "area_correct": 8,
            "area_precision": 0.4,
            "ci95": [
              0.219,
              0.613
            ],
            "issue_correct": 8,
            "issue_precision": 0.4,
            "population": 256
          }
        },
        "area_accuracy_unweighted": 0.8859649122807017,
        "area_accuracy_population_weighted": 0.903898006490496,
        "issue_accuracy_unweighted": 0.8201754385964912,
        "stage_accuracy_unweighted": 0.8859649122807017,
        "reviewer_a_area_accuracy": 0.9956140350877193,
        "reviewer_b_area_accuracy": 0.9736842105263158,
        "confusions": [
          [
            "unclear -> non_business",
            6
          ],
          [
            "unclear -> other_business",
            4
          ],
          [
            "contracts -> other_business",
            2
          ],
          [
            "insolvency -> other_business",
            1
          ],
          [
            "unclear -> insolvency",
            1
          ],
          [
            "ownership -> other_business",
            1
          ],
          [
            "insolvency -> non_business",
            1
          ],
          [
            "other_business -> contracts",
            1
          ],
          [
            "other_business -> insolvency",
            1
          ],
          [
            "unclear -> employment",
            1
          ],
          [
            "insolvency -> unclear",
            1
          ],
          [
            "insolvency -> contracts",
            1
          ],
          [
            "insolvency -> ownership",
            1
          ],
          [
            "ownership -> insolvency",
            1
          ],
          [
            "ownership -> contracts",
            1
          ],
          [
            "contracts -> ownership",
            1
          ],
          [
            "employment -> insolvency",
            1
          ]
        ],
        "adjudicated_records": 28
      }
    },
    "known_error_patterns": [
      "A company in liquidation named in the title was read as an insolvency issue when the excerpt showed only a procedural step.",
      "Generic words matched the wrong rule: an 'oppressive' notice to produce, a 'merger' in a directors' duties case, s 1323 freezing orders sought by a liquidator.",
      "Catchword headings that mislabel the subject (CONSUMER LAW for gas pipeline rules; BANKING for consumer credit hardship notices).",
      "The unclear bucket is conservative: 12 of 20 sampled 'unclear' judgments were identifiable as government or business matters."
    ]
  },
  "fwc": {
    "2024": {
      "gp_dismissal": 5750,
      "unfair_dismissal": 15698,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 1203
    },
    "2025": {
      "gp_dismissal": 7648,
      "unfair_dismissal": 17978,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 2206
    }
  },
  "fwcQuarters": [
    {
      "quarter": "2024 Q1",
      "gp_dismissal": 1255,
      "unfair_dismissal": 3646,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 232
    },
    {
      "quarter": "2024 Q2",
      "gp_dismissal": 1463,
      "unfair_dismissal": 3810,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 298
    },
    {
      "quarter": "2024 Q3",
      "gp_dismissal": 1479,
      "unfair_dismissal": 4154,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 332
    },
    {
      "quarter": "2024 Q4",
      "gp_dismissal": 1553,
      "unfair_dismissal": 4088,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 341
    },
    {
      "quarter": "2025 Q1",
      "gp_dismissal": 1387,
      "unfair_dismissal": 3885,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 375
    },
    {
      "quarter": "2025 Q2",
      "gp_dismissal": 1790,
      "unfair_dismissal": 4374,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 552
    },
    {
      "quarter": "2025 Q3",
      "gp_dismissal": 2120,
      "unfair_dismissal": 4878,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 632
    },
    {
      "quarter": "2025 Q4",
      "gp_dismissal": 2351,
      "unfair_dismissal": 4841,
      "gp_non_dismissal": 647
    }
  ],
  "ncat": [
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "General",
      "applications": "4681",
      "finalisations": "4568",
      "clearance_percent": "97.6",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2023-2024.pdf"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "Home Building",
      "applications": "2741",
      "finalisations": "2964",
      "clearance_percent": "108.1",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2023-2024.pdf"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "Motor Vehicles",
      "applications": "1566",
      "finalisations": "1578",
      "clearance_percent": "100.8",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2023-2024.pdf"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "Commercial",
      "applications": "838",
      "finalisations": "797",
      "clearance_percent": "95.1",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2023-2024.pdf"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "General",
      "applications": "4985",
      "finalisations": "4657",
      "clearance_percent": "93.4",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2024-2025.pdf"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Home Building",
      "applications": "2409",
      "finalisations": "2161",
      "clearance_percent": "89.7",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2024-2025.pdf"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Motor Vehicles",
      "applications": "1412",
      "finalisations": "1340",
      "clearance_percent": "94.9",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2024-2025.pdf"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Commercial",
      "applications": "895",
      "finalisations": "843",
      "clearance_percent": "94.2",
      "source_url": "https://ncat.nsw.gov.au/content/dam/dcj/ctsd/ncat/documents/reports/ncat-annual-report-2024-2025.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "qcat": [
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24 corrected",
      "list": "Minor Civil Disputes - statewide total",
      "lodgements": 17544,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Minor Civil Disputes - statewide total",
      "lodgements": 17668,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "Building",
      "lodgements": 459,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Building",
      "lodgements": 446,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "Retail shop leases",
      "lodgements": 70,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Retail shop leases",
      "lodgements": 76,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "Motor vehicles",
      "lodgements": 265,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Motor vehicles",
      "lodgements": 306,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2023-24",
      "list": "Other civil disputes",
      "lodgements": 80,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    },
    {
      "financial_year": "2024-25",
      "list": "Other civil disputes",
      "lodgements": 101,
      "source_url": "https://www.qcat.qld.gov.au/resources/publications/pubs/annual-reports/qcat-annual-report-2024-25"
    }
  ],
  "asic": {
    "series_1": [
      {
        "financial_year": "FY2024",
        "companies": 11053
      },
      {
        "financial_year": "FY2025",
        "companies": 14722
      }
    ],
    "series_3_3_fte": [
      {
        "financial_year": "2023-2024",
        "less_than_5_fte": 4709,
        "between_5_and_19_fte": 996,
        "between_20_and_199_fte": 311,
        "fte_200_or_more": 19,
        "not_known": 1065,
        "reports": 7100
      },
      {
        "financial_year": "2024-2025",
        "less_than_5_fte": 6101,
        "between_5_and_19_fte": 1270,
        "between_20_and_199_fte": 379,
        "fte_200_or_more": 14,
        "not_known": 1821,
        "reports": 9585
      }
    ],
    "source_url": "https://www.asic.gov.au/about-asic/corporate-publications/statistics/insolvency-statistics",
    "source_files": [
      "data/raw/extended/asic-series-1-2-2026-09-14.xlsx",
      "data/raw/extended/asic-series-3-3-2004-2025.xlsx"
    ],
    "note": "Series 1 measures first entry to external administration or controller appointment. Series 3.3 measures reports lodged and can lag appointment timing. The series are not combined."
  },
  "asicFailure": {
    "source": "ASIC Series 3.3 external administrators' and receivers' reports, annual, Released: December 2025",
    "source_url": "https://www.asic.gov.au/about-asic/corporate-publications/statistics/insolvency-statistics",
    "unit": "initial external administrators' and receivers' reports lodged in the financial year",
    "year": "2024-2025",
    "reports": 9585,
    "reports_prior": 7100,
    "size": {
      "under_20": 7371,
      "known": 7764,
      "under_5": 6101,
      "not_known": 1821,
      "share_under_20_of_known": 0.9493817619783617,
      "by_year": {
        "2020-2021": {
          "Less than 5 FTE": 2965,
          "Between 5 and 19 FTE": 621,
          "Between 20 and 199 FTE": 230,
          "200 or more FTE": 27,
          "Not known": 535,
          "No. of reports": 4378
        },
        "2021-2022": {
          "Less than 5 FTE": 2876,
          "Between 5 and 19 FTE": 514,
          "Between 20 and 199 FTE": 189,
          "200 or more FTE": 6,
          "Not known": 479,
          "No. of reports": 4064
        },
        "2022-2023": {
          "Less than 5 FTE": 3688,
          "Between 5 and 19 FTE": 809,
          "Between 20 and 199 FTE": 272,
          "200 or more FTE": 15,
          "Not known": 656,
          "No. of reports": 5440
        },
        "2023-2024": {
          "Less than 5 FTE": 4709,
          "Between 5 and 19 FTE": 996,
          "Between 20 and 199 FTE": 311,
          "200 or more FTE": 19,
          "Not known": 1065,
          "No. of reports": 7100
        },
        "2024-2025": {
          "Less than 5 FTE": 6101,
          "Between 5 and 19 FTE": 1270,
          "Between 20 and 199 FTE": 379,
          "200 or more FTE": 14,
          "Not known": 1821,
          "No. of reports": 9585
        }
      }
    },
    "dividend": {
      "zero": 7978,
      "share_of_reports": 0.8323422013562859,
      "share_of_applicable": 0.91396494443808,
      "not_applicable": 856,
      "share_prior": 0.8343661971830986,
      "by_year": {
        "2020-2021": {
          "0": 3779,
          "Greater than 0 but less than 11 cents": 210,
          "0–10 cents": null,
          "11–20 cents": 60,
          "21–50 cents": 54,
          "51–100 cents": 58,
          "Not applicable": 217,
          "No. of reports": 4378
        },
        "2021-2022": {
          "0": 3447,
          "Greater than 0 but less than 11 cents": 210,
          "0–10 cents": null,
          "11–20 cents": 61,
          "21–50 cents": 60,
          "51–100 cents": 62,
          "Not applicable": 224,
          "No. of reports": 4064
        },
        "2022-2023": {
          "0": 4522,
          "Greater than 0 but less than 11 cents": 322,
          "0–10 cents": null,
          "11–20 cents": 80,
          "21–50 cents": 75,
          "51–100 cents": 66,
          "Not applicable": 375,
          "No. of reports": 5440
        },
        "2023-2024": {
          "0": 5924,
          "Greater than 0 but less than 11 cents": 371,
          "0–10 cents": null,
          "11–20 cents": 146,
          "21–50 cents": 83,
          "51–100 cents": 81,
          "Not applicable": 495,
          "No. of reports": 7100
        },
        "2024-2025": {
          "0": 7978,
          "Greater than 0 but less than 11 cents": 423,
          "0–10 cents": null,
          "11–20 cents": 127,
          "21–50 cents": 117,
          "51–100 cents": 84,
          "Not applicable": 856,
          "No. of reports": 9585
        }
      }
    },
    "causes": [
      {
        "cause": "Inadequate cash flow or high cash use",
        "reports": 5446,
        "share": 0.5681794470526865,
        "prior_reports": 3794,
        "prior_share": 0.5343661971830986
      },
      {
        "cause": "Poor strategic management of business",
        "reports": 4824,
        "share": 0.5032863849765258,
        "prior_reports": 3406,
        "prior_share": 0.4797183098591549
      },
      {
        "cause": "Trading losses",
        "reports": 4772,
        "share": 0.49786124152321337,
        "prior_reports": 3394,
        "prior_share": 0.4780281690140845
      },
      {
        "cause": "Poor financial control including lack of records",
        "reports": 3470,
        "share": 0.3620239958268127,
        "prior_reports": 2563,
        "prior_share": 0.3609859154929577
      },
      {
        "cause": "Under capitalisation",
        "reports": 2861,
        "share": 0.29848721961398017,
        "prior_reports": 2132,
        "prior_share": 0.30028169014084505
      },
      {
        "cause": "Poor economic conditions",
        "reports": 2440,
        "share": 0.25456442357850806,
        "prior_reports": 2299,
        "prior_share": 0.32380281690140844
      },
      {
        "cause": "Poor management of accounts receivable",
        "reports": 1203,
        "share": 0.12550860719874804,
        "prior_reports": 923,
        "prior_share": 0.13
      },
      {
        "cause": "Dispute among directors",
        "reports": 235,
        "share": 0.024517475221700575,
        "prior_reports": 184,
        "prior_share": 0.025915492957746478
      },
      {
        "cause": "Fraud",
        "reports": 193,
        "share": 0.02013562858633281,
        "prior_reports": 188,
        "prior_share": 0.02647887323943662
      },
      {
        "cause": "Natural disaster",
        "reports": 146,
        "share": 0.015232133541992697,
        "prior_reports": 238,
        "prior_share": 0.03352112676056338
      },
      {
        "cause": "Business restructuring",
        "reports": 108,
        "share": 0.011267605633802818,
        "prior_reports": 69,
        "prior_share": 0.009718309859154929
      },
      {
        "cause": "Industry restructuring",
        "reports": 85,
        "share": 0.008868022952529996,
        "prior_reports": 55,
        "prior_share": 0.007746478873239437
      },
      {
        "cause": "DOCA failed",
        "reports": 38,
        "share": 0.00396452790818988,
        "prior_reports": 20,
        "prior_share": 0.0028169014084507044
      }
    ],
    "records": {
      "not_all_obtained": 3227,
      "inadequate_where_obtained": 2204,
      "incomplete_or_inadequate": 5431,
      "share": 0.5666145018257694,
      "never_kept": 719,
      "director_not_provided": 1927,
      "by_year": {
        "2020-2021": {
          "reports": 4378,
          "all_books_obtained_yes": 3334,
          "all_books_obtained_no": 1044,
          "adequate_where_obtained_yes": 2342,
          "adequate_where_obtained_no": 992,
          "reason_destroyed": 38,
          "reason_director_not_provided": 630,
          "reason_cannot_locate": 110,
          "reason_never_kept": 259,
          "reason_other": 237
        },
        "2021-2022": {
          "reports": 4064,
          "all_books_obtained_yes": 3043,
          "all_books_obtained_no": 1021,
          "adequate_where_obtained_yes": 2076,
          "adequate_where_obtained_no": 967,
          "reason_destroyed": 40,
          "reason_director_not_provided": 568,
          "reason_cannot_locate": 105,
          "reason_never_kept": 284,
          "reason_other": 258
        },
        "2022-2023": {
          "reports": 5440,
          "all_books_obtained_yes": 4183,
          "all_books_obtained_no": 1257,
          "adequate_where_obtained_yes": 2762,
          "adequate_where_obtained_no": 1421,
          "reason_destroyed": 38,
          "reason_director_not_provided": 766,
          "reason_cannot_locate": 154,
          "reason_never_kept": 307,
          "reason_other": 304
        },
        "2023-2024": {
          "reports": 7100,
          "all_books_obtained_yes": 5086,
          "all_books_obtained_no": 2014,
          "adequate_where_obtained_yes": 3349,
          "adequate_where_obtained_no": 1737,
          "reason_destroyed": 46,
          "reason_director_not_provided": 1274,
          "reason_cannot_locate": 288,
          "reason_never_kept": 430,
          "reason_other": 467
        },
        "2024-2025": {
          "reports": 9585,
          "all_books_obtained_yes": 6358,
          "all_books_obtained_no": 3227,
          "adequate_where_obtained_yes": 4154,
          "adequate_where_obtained_no": 2204,
          "reason_destroyed": 81,
          "reason_director_not_provided": 1927,
          "reason_cannot_locate": 418,
          "reason_never_kept": 719,
          "reason_other": 833
        }
      }
    },
    "unpaid_tax": {
      "some_share": 0.8515388628064684,
      "zero": 969,
      "unknown": 454
    },
    "industry": [
      {
        "industry": "Construction",
        "reports": 2361,
        "share": 0.24632237871674492,
        "prior": 1952
      },
      {
        "industry": "Accommodation & food services",
        "reports": 1588,
        "share": 0.1656755346896192,
        "prior": 1095
      },
      {
        "industry": "Other (business & personal) services",
        "reports": 1054,
        "share": 0.10996348461137194,
        "prior": 742
      },
      {
        "industry": "Retail trade",
        "reports": 673,
        "share": 0.07021387584767866,
        "prior": 467
      },
      {
        "industry": "Transport, postal & warehousing",
        "reports": 511,
        "share": 0.05331246739697444,
        "prior": 373
      },
      {
        "industry": "Professional, scientific & technical services",
        "reports": 472,
        "share": 0.04924360980699009,
        "prior": 315
      },
      {
        "industry": "Manufacturing",
        "reports": 426,
        "share": 0.044444444444444446,
        "prior": 324
      },
      {
        "industry": "Administrative & support services",
        "reports": 353,
        "share": 0.0368283776734481,
        "prior": 227
      }
    ]
  },
  "fy26": {
    "edition": "2026",
    "period": "FY2025-26 (1 July 2025 to 30 June 2026)",
    "checked": "2026-09-25",
    "asicS1": {
      "fy_totals": {
        "FY20": 7362,
        "FY21": 4235,
        "FY22": 4912,
        "FY23": 7942,
        "FY24": 11053,
        "FY25": 14722,
        "FY26": 14153
      },
      "by_state": {
        "NSW": {
          "fy25": 5692,
          "fy26": 5367
        },
        "VIC": {
          "fy25": 4242,
          "fy26": 4100
        },
        "QLD": {
          "fy25": 2693,
          "fy26": 2706
        },
        "WA": {
          "fy25": 929,
          "fy26": 830
        },
        "SA": {
          "fy25": 645,
          "fy26": 652
        },
        "TAS": {
          "fy25": 143,
          "fy26": 145
        },
        "ACT": {
          "fy25": 286,
          "fy26": 256
        },
        "NT": {
          "fy25": 92,
          "fy26": 97
        }
      },
      "industries": [
        {
          "industry": "Construction",
          "fy26": 3472,
          "fy25": 3596
        },
        {
          "industry": "Accommodation and Food Services",
          "fy26": 2078,
          "fy25": 2476
        },
        {
          "industry": "Other Services",
          "fy26": 1384,
          "fy25": 1506
        },
        {
          "industry": "Retail Trade",
          "fy26": 1006,
          "fy25": 871
        },
        {
          "industry": "Professional, Scientific and Technical Services",
          "fy26": 993,
          "fy25": 1010
        },
        {
          "industry": "Transport, Postal and Warehousing",
          "fy26": 813,
          "fy25": 734
        },
        {
          "industry": "Administrative and Support Services",
          "fy26": 745,
          "fy25": 799
        },
        {
          "industry": "Manufacturing",
          "fy26": 667,
          "fy25": 636
        }
      ],
      "monthly": [
        {
          "month": "2025-07",
          "companies": 1362
        },
        {
          "month": "2025-08",
          "companies": 1090
        },
        {
          "month": "2025-09",
          "companies": 1104
        },
        {
          "month": "2025-10",
          "companies": 1480
        },
        {
          "month": "2025-11",
          "companies": 1071
        },
        {
          "month": "2025-12",
          "companies": 1306
        },
        {
          "month": "2026-01",
          "companies": 634
        },
        {
          "month": "2026-02",
          "companies": 1260
        },
        {
          "month": "2026-03",
          "companies": 1306
        },
        {
          "month": "2026-04",
          "companies": 1102
        },
        {
          "month": "2026-05",
          "companies": 1104
        },
        {
          "month": "2026-06",
          "companies": 1334
        }
      ],
      "released": "2026-09-14",
      "source": "ASIC Australian insolvency statistics, Series 1 and 2 workbook, released 14 September 2026 (data to 30 August 2026)",
      "source_url": "https://www.asic.gov.au/about-asic/corporate-publications/statistics/insolvency-statistics",
      "sha256": "bd1e70b53cb9d9536123c477236d2182460b7ae9628af4742b4b20fc775f602c",
      "notes": [
        "Recent months are provisional and can be revised.",
        "Companies only; sole traders and partnerships are not included.",
        "Principal place of business as recorded by ASIC; records with no stated state are excluded from state rows only.",
        "August 2026 (FY2026-27) includes 542 related Bathla Group companies; not in FY2025-26."
      ]
    },
    "fwc": {
      "annual": {
        "FY2023-24": {
          "gp_dismissal": 5477,
          "gp_non_dismissal": 1089,
          "unfair_dismissal": 14772
        },
        "FY2024-25": {
          "gp_dismissal": 6209,
          "gp_non_dismissal": 1599,
          "unfair_dismissal": 16500
        }
      },
      "half": {
        "H1 FY2024-25": {
          "gp_dismissal": 3032,
          "gp_non_dismissal": 673,
          "unfair_dismissal": 8242
        },
        "H1 FY2025-26": {
          "gp_dismissal": 4471,
          "gp_non_dismissal": 1279,
          "unfair_dismissal": 9719
        }
      },
      "fy26_status": "FWC quarterly reports for January–June 2026 were not published when checked on 25 September 2026; FY2025-26 is shown as July–December 2025 against July–December 2024.",
      "annual_source": {
        "FY2023-24": {
          "source_url": "https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/reporting/fwc-annual-report-2023-24.pdf",
          "file": "research/legal-index-pilot/data/raw/fy26/fwc/fwc-annual-report-2023-24.pdf",
          "sha256": "af56f377631b40b6eb3797eabeb59cc222d59f3681d49b829754b364ef102ae8",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-25T12:30:02Z",
          "table": "Appendix C (Reference data), Table C1 – Lodgments by matter type",
          "year_columns_in_table": [
            "2023–24"
          ],
          "table_pdf_pages": [
            62,
            63,
            64,
            65,
            66,
            67
          ]
        },
        "FY2024-25": {
          "source_url": "https://www.fwc.gov.au/documents/reporting/fwc-annual-report-2024-25.pdf",
          "file": "research/legal-index-pilot/data/raw/fy26/fwc/fwc-annual-report-2024-25.pdf",
          "sha256": "cc41a438b5f4d6941f06bb8c593709d2678208c5240879e6738992ea0227a41f",
          "retrieved_at": "2026-09-25T12:28:59Z",
          "table": "Appendix C (Reference data), Table C1 – Lodgments by matter type",
          "year_columns_in_table": [
            "2024–25"
          ],
          "table_pdf_pages": [
            80,
            81,
            82,
            83,
            84
          ]
        }
      }
    },
    "abs": {
      "businesses_jun26": {
        "NSW": 942658,
        "VIC": 773986,
        "QLD": 543277,
        "SA": 174310,
        "WA": 278520,
        "TAS": 45094,
        "NT": 17440,
        "ACT": 37785,
        "OT_UNKNOWN": 1708,
        "AUS": 2814778
      },
      "size_national_jun26": {
        "non_employing": 1818575,
        "1-4": 689600,
        "5-19": 232912,
        "20-199": 68325,
        "200+": 5366,
        "total_employing": 996203,
        "total": 2814778
      },
      "companies_national_jun26": 1271197,
      "release": "Counts of Australian Businesses, including Entries and Exits, July 2022 - June 2026",
      "release_date": "2026-08-18",
      "source_url": "https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/business-indicators/counts-australian-businesses-including-entries-and-exits/latest-release",
      "sha256": "477690c133eaf70e5671643be4e255ac22bca46b7db6d236f91744b3a40d2d79"
    },
    "states": [
      {
        "code": "NSW",
        "name": "New South Wales",
        "prose": "New South Wales",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 5692,
          "fy26": 5367
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 942658,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 56.9,
        "disputes": [
          {
            "label": "Small Business Commission mediation applications",
            "value": 1960,
            "prior": 2203,
            "period": "2025",
            "prior_period": "2024",
            "unit": "applications",
            "source": "NSW Small Business Commission"
          },
          {
            "label": "NCAT home building applications",
            "value": 2409,
            "prior": 2741,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "applications",
            "source": "NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          },
          {
            "label": "NCAT commercial applications",
            "value": 895,
            "prior": 838,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "applications",
            "source": "NSW Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          },
          {
            "label": "Local Court small claims (to $20,000)",
            "value": 55239,
            "prior": 55055,
            "period": "2025",
            "prior_period": "2024",
            "unit": "lodgements",
            "source": "Local Court of New South Wales - Civil Jurisdiction"
          }
        ],
        "gap": null
      },
      {
        "code": "VIC",
        "name": "Victoria",
        "prose": "Victoria",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 4242,
          "fy26": 4100
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 773986,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 53.0,
        "disputes": [
          {
            "label": "Small Business Commission dispute applications",
            "value": 1611,
            "prior": 1795,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "applications",
            "source": "Victorian Small Business Commission"
          },
          {
            "label": "VCAT civil claims",
            "value": 6905,
            "prior": 6898,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "initiated cases",
            "source": "Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          },
          {
            "label": "VCAT building and property",
            "value": 2074,
            "prior": 2399,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "new applications",
            "source": "Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          },
          {
            "label": "Magistrates’ Court civil complaints",
            "value": 29708,
            "prior": 31211,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "complaints issued or filed",
            "source": "Magistrates' Court of Victoria - Civil Division"
          }
        ],
        "gap": null
      },
      {
        "code": "QLD",
        "name": "Queensland",
        "prose": "Queensland",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 2693,
          "fy26": 2706
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 543277,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 49.8,
        "disputes": [
          {
            "label": "Small Business Commissioner dispute requests",
            "value": 478,
            "prior": 452,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "requests",
            "source": "Queensland Small Business Commissioner"
          },
          {
            "label": "QCAT minor civil disputes (excluding tenancy)",
            "value": 7212,
            "prior": 7807,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "lodgements",
            "source": "Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          },
          {
            "label": "QCAT building",
            "value": 446,
            "prior": 459,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "lodgements",
            "source": "Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          },
          {
            "label": "QCAT retail shop leases",
            "value": 76,
            "prior": 70,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "lodgements",
            "source": "Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          }
        ],
        "gap": null
      },
      {
        "code": "WA",
        "name": "Western Australia",
        "prose": "Western Australia",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 929,
          "fy26": 830
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 278520,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 29.8,
        "disputes": [
          {
            "label": "Small Business Development Corporation disputes closed",
            "value": 332,
            "prior": 369,
            "period": "2025-26",
            "prior_period": "2024-25",
            "unit": "disputes finalised",
            "source": "Small Business Development Corporation"
          },
          {
            "label": "SAT building and construction",
            "value": 357,
            "prior": 389,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "applications received",
            "source": "State Administrative Tribunal (Western Australia)"
          },
          {
            "label": "SAT commercial",
            "value": 59,
            "prior": 48,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "applications received",
            "source": "State Administrative Tribunal (Western Australia)"
          }
        ],
        "gap": null
      },
      {
        "code": "SA",
        "name": "South Australia",
        "prose": "South Australia",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 645,
          "fy26": 652
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 174310,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 37.4,
        "disputes": [
          {
            "label": "Magistrates Court civil lodgements",
            "value": 11558,
            "prior": 10447,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "lodgements",
            "source": "Magistrates Court of South Australia - Civil"
          }
        ],
        "gap": "Tribunal and commissioner figures are not included this edition."
      },
      {
        "code": "TAS",
        "name": "Tasmania",
        "prose": "Tasmania",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 143,
          "fy26": 145
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 45094,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 32.2,
        "disputes": [],
        "gap": "Tribunal, court and commissioner figures are not included this edition."
      },
      {
        "code": "ACT",
        "name": "Australian Capital Territory",
        "prose": "the ACT",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 286,
          "fy26": 256
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 37785,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 67.8,
        "disputes": [
          {
            "label": "ACAT civil applications",
            "value": 1634,
            "prior": 1366,
            "period": "2023-24",
            "prior_period": "2022-23",
            "unit": "applications lodged",
            "source": "ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          },
          {
            "label": "ACAT debt claims",
            "value": 899,
            "prior": 711,
            "period": "2023-24",
            "prior_period": "2022-23",
            "unit": "applications",
            "source": "ACT Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          }
        ],
        "gap": "No small business commissioner dispute figures published; ACAT’s latest review is 2023–24."
      },
      {
        "code": "NT",
        "name": "Northern Territory",
        "prose": "the Northern Territory",
        "insolvencies": {
          "fy25": 92,
          "fy26": 97
        },
        "businesses_jun26": 17440,
        "insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 55.6,
        "disputes": [
          {
            "label": "NTCAT small claims",
            "value": 553,
            "prior": 926,
            "period": "2024-25",
            "prior_period": "2023-24",
            "unit": "proceedings commenced",
            "source": "Northern Territory Civil and Administrative Tribunal"
          }
        ],
        "gap": "No small business commissioner dispute figures published."
      }
    ],
    "national_insolvencies_per_10k_businesses": 50.3,
    "national_companies_entering_share": 0.01113,
    "national_one_in_n_companies": 90,
    "federal": {
      "by_fy": {
        "2024-25": {
          "insolvency": 333,
          "employment": 121,
          "contracts": 71,
          "ownership": 66,
          "ip": 52,
          "privacy": 0,
          "other_business": 460,
          "non_business": 490,
          "unclear": 126
        },
        "2025-26": {
          "insolvency": 364,
          "employment": 111,
          "contracts": 109,
          "ownership": 80,
          "ip": 58,
          "privacy": 2,
          "other_business": 487,
          "non_business": 650,
          "unclear": 168
        }
      },
      "issues_by_fy": {
        "2024-25": {
          "insolvency": [
            {
              "issue": "Administration, liquidation & receivership process",
              "count": 185
            },
            {
              "issue": "Personal bankruptcy",
              "count": 97
            },
            {
              "issue": "Winding up & statutory demands",
              "count": 25
            },
            {
              "issue": "Recovery claims: insolvent trading & voidable transactions",
              "count": 17
            },
            {
              "issue": "Liquidator examinations & investigations",
              "count": 9
            }
          ],
          "employment": [
            {
              "issue": "Unions, agreements & industrial action",
              "count": 45
            },
            {
              "issue": "Employment (issue not stated)",
              "count": 32
            },
            {
              "issue": "Wages, entitlements & records",
              "count": 16
            },
            {
              "issue": "General protections & discrimination",
              "count": 15
            },
            {
              "issue": "Employment contracts, restraints & confidential information",
              "count": 9
            },
            {
              "issue": "Dismissal & termination",
              "count": 2
            },
            {
              "issue": "Work health, safety & compensation",
              "count": 2
            }
          ],
          "contracts": [
            {
              "issue": "Consumer protection & advertising",
              "count": 36
            },
            {
              "issue": "Contract formation, terms & breach",
              "count": 17
            },
            {
              "issue": "Loans, guarantees & security interests",
              "count": 9
            },
            {
              "issue": "Competition, franchising & industry codes",
              "count": 7
            },
            {
              "issue": "Building, project & payment disputes",
              "count": 1
            },
            {
              "issue": "Unfair contract terms",
              "count": 1
            }
          ],
          "ownership": [
            {
              "issue": "Schemes, takeovers & capital transactions",
              "count": 40
            },
            {
              "issue": "Shareholder & member disputes",
              "count": 17
            },
            {
              "issue": "Company administration & records",
              "count": 5
            },
            {
              "issue": "Directors' duties & officer liability",
              "count": 4
            }
          ],
          "ip": [
            {
              "issue": "Patents",
              "count": 20
            },
            {
              "issue": "Trade marks, names & passing off",
              "count": 18
            },
            {
              "issue": "Copyright & designs",
              "count": 10
            },
            {
              "issue": "Intellectual property (type not stated)",
              "count": 4
            }
          ],
          "privacy": []
        },
        "2025-26": {
          "insolvency": [
            {
              "issue": "Administration, liquidation & receivership process",
              "count": 192
            },
            {
              "issue": "Personal bankruptcy",
              "count": 122
            },
            {
              "issue": "Winding up & statutory demands",
              "count": 24
            },
            {
              "issue": "Recovery claims: insolvent trading & voidable transactions",
              "count": 13
            },
            {
              "issue": "Liquidator examinations & investigations",
              "count": 13
            }
          ],
          "employment": [
            {
              "issue": "Unions, agreements & industrial action",
              "count": 31
            },
            {
              "issue": "General protections & discrimination",
              "count": 26
            },
            {
              "issue": "Employment (issue not stated)",
              "count": 22
            },
            {
              "issue": "Wages, entitlements & records",
              "count": 20
            },
            {
              "issue": "Employment contracts, restraints & confidential information",
              "count": 9
            },
            {
              "issue": "Work health, safety & compensation",
              "count": 2
            },
            {
              "issue": "Dismissal & termination",
              "count": 1
            }
          ],
          "contracts": [
            {
              "issue": "Consumer protection & advertising",
              "count": 60
            },
            {
              "issue": "Contract formation, terms & breach",
              "count": 21
            },
            {
              "issue": "Loans, guarantees & security interests",
              "count": 17
            },
            {
              "issue": "Competition, franchising & industry codes",
              "count": 9
            },
            {
              "issue": "Unfair contract terms",
              "count": 2
            }
          ],
          "ownership": [
            {
              "issue": "Schemes, takeovers & capital transactions",
              "count": 45
            },
            {
              "issue": "Shareholder & member disputes",
              "count": 19
            },
            {
              "issue": "Company administration & records",
              "count": 10
            },
            {
              "issue": "Directors' duties & officer liability",
              "count": 6
            }
          ],
          "ip": [
            {
              "issue": "Patents",
              "count": 25
            },
            {
              "issue": "Trade marks, names & passing off",
              "count": 19
            },
            {
              "issue": "Copyright & designs",
              "count": 10
            },
            {
              "issue": "Intellectual property (type not stated)",
              "count": 4
            }
          ],
          "privacy": [
            {
              "issue": "Privacy & data security",
              "count": 2
            }
          ]
        }
      },
      "stages_by_fy": {
        "2024-25": {
          "interlocutory": 321,
          "merits": 209,
          "unclear": 76,
          "administration": 170,
          "costs": 73,
          "appeal": 160,
          "penalty": 31,
          "approval": 63
        },
        "2025-26": {
          "interlocutory": 414,
          "merits": 266,
          "appeal": 163,
          "administration": 160,
          "costs": 80,
          "approval": 58,
          "unclear": 39,
          "penalty": 31
        }
      },
      "status": {
        "2024-25": "complete",
        "2025-26": "complete"
      },
      "complete_years": [
        "2024-25",
        "2025-26"
      ],
      "capture": {
        "jan_jun_2026": 949,
        "coverage": [
          {
            "quarter": "2026Q1",
            "returned_records": 428,
            "collected_records": 428,
            "pages": 22,
            "query_url": "https://search.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/s/search.html?collection=fca%7Esp-judgments-internet&meta_CourtID_orsand=FCA+FCAFC&meta_d1=31dec2025&meta_d2=1apr2026&profile=judgments-internet&sort=date"
          },
          {
            "quarter": "2026Q2",
            "returned_records": 521,
            "collected_records": 521,
            "pages": 27,
            "query_url": "https://search.judgments.fedcourt.gov.au/s/search.html?collection=fca%7Esp-judgments-internet&meta_CourtID_orsand=FCA+FCAFC&meta_d1=31mar2026&meta_d2=1jul2026&profile=judgments-internet&sort=date"
          }
        ]
      },
      "corporations_label_fy26": {
        "total": 280,
        "crosswalk": [
          {
            "area_id": "insolvency",
            "issue": "Administration, liquidation & receivership process",
            "count": 110
          },
          {
            "area_id": "ownership",
            "issue": "Schemes, takeovers & capital transactions",
            "count": 42
          },
          {
            "area_id": "other_business",
            "issue": "Company law (issue not stated in excerpt)",
            "count": 27
          },
          {
            "area_id": "other_business",
            "issue": "Financial services, investments & markets",
            "count": 17
          },
          {
            "area_id": "insolvency",
            "issue": "Winding up & statutory demands",
            "count": 16
          },
          {
            "area_id": "ownership",
            "issue": "Shareholder & member disputes",
            "count": 14
          },
          {
            "area_id": "insolvency",
            "issue": "Recovery claims: insolvent trading & voidable transactions",
            "count": 11
          },
          {
            "area_id": "insolvency",
            "issue": "Liquidator examinations & investigations",
            "count": 9
          },
          {
            "area_id": "ownership",
            "issue": "Company administration & records",
            "count": 8
          },
          {
            "area_id": "contracts",
            "issue": "Loans, guarantees & security interests",
            "count": 7
          },
          {
            "area_id": "contracts",
            "issue": "Consumer protection & advertising",
            "count": 5
          },
          {
            "area_id": "ownership",
            "issue": "Directors' duties & officer liability",
            "count": 4
          },
          {
            "area_id": "contracts",
            "issue": "Contract formation, terms & breach",
            "count": 2
          },
          {
            "area_id": "employment",
            "issue": "Employment contracts, restraints & confidential information",
            "count": 2
          },
          {
            "area_id": "other_business",
            "issue": "Industry regulation (other)",
            "count": 2
          },
          {
            "area_id": "contracts",
            "issue": "Competition, franchising & industry codes",
            "count": 1
          },
          {
            "area_id": "other_business",
            "issue": "Insurance",
            "count": 1
          },
          {
            "area_id": "privacy",
            "issue": "Privacy & data security",
            "count": 1
          },
          {
            "area_id": "insolvency",
            "issue": "Personal bankruptcy",
            "count": 1
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    "national_disputes": {
      "period": "2025-26",
      "disputes": 2314,
      "requests": 8623,
      "mix": [
        {
          "id": "digital",
          "label": "Digital platforms",
          "count": 925,
          "share": 40
        },
        {
          "id": "payment",
          "label": "Getting paid",
          "count": 707,
          "share": 31
        },
        {
          "id": "franchising",
          "label": "Franchising",
          "count": 230,
          "share": 10
        },
        {
          "id": "contract",
          "label": "Contracts",
          "count": 200,
          "share": 9
        },
        {
          "id": "other",
          "label": "Everything else",
          "count": 252,
          "share": 11
        }
      ],
      "digital_count": 925,
      "payment_count": 707,
      "digital_share": 40,
      "payment_share": 31,
      "top_two_share": 71,
      "prior": {
        "period": "2024-25",
        "disputes": 1518,
        "payment_count": 631,
        "payment_share": 42,
        "digital_share": 21,
        "digital_count": 317,
        "source": "Treasury Annual Report 2024–25, Part 5 (ASBFEO), printed pages 261 and 265"
      },
      "vic_unpaid_monies_share": 44,
      "source": "Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman, Small Business Data Portal, 'Key issues raised with ASBFEO, 2025-26' (retrieved 27 September 2026); Treasury Annual Report 2024–25, Part 5, printed pages 261 and 265; Victorian Small Business Commission annual report 2024–25, page 8",
      "source_short": "Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman, Small Business Data Portal, case management data 2025–26",
      "leases": [
        {
          "state": "NSW",
          "leases": 1045,
          "total": 1960,
          "period": "2025",
          "source": "NSW Small Business Commission Annual Report 2025, p. 21 (lease applications received, of all applications managed)"
        },
        {
          "state": "VIC",
          "leases": 855,
          "total": 1611,
          "period": "2024-25",
          "source": "Victorian Small Business Commission Annual Report 2024–25, p. 8"
        }
      ]
    },
    "dispute_scale": [
      {
        "label": "NSW Local Court small claims",
        "value": 55239,
        "period": "2025",
        "source": "Local Court of New South Wales - Civil Jurisdiction",
        "highlight": false
      },
      {
        "label": "Victorian Magistrates’ Court civil complaints",
        "value": 29708,
        "period": "2024-25",
        "source": "Magistrates' Court of Victoria - Civil Division",
        "highlight": false
      },
      {
        "label": "QCAT minor civil disputes, excluding tenancy",
        "value": 7212,
        "period": "2024-25",
        "source": "Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal",
        "highlight": false
      },
      {
        "label": "Small Business Ombudsman case-managed disputes",
        "value": 2314,
        "period": "2025-26",
        "source": "Australian Small Business and Family Enterprise Ombudsman",
        "highlight": false
      },
      {
        "label": "Federal Court judgments in six business law areas",
        "period": "2025-26",
        "highlight": true,
        "value": 724,
        "source": "Federal Court of Australia, Sprintlaw issue lens"
      }
    ],
    "commissioners_file": "data/fy26/small_business_commissioners.json",
    "tribunals_file": "data/fy26/state_tribunals.json",
    "availability": [
      {
        "source": "ASIC Series 1 company insolvencies",
        "fy26": "published",
        "note": "Data to 30 August 2026; recent months provisional"
      },
      {
        "source": "ABS business counts",
        "fy26": "published",
        "note": "June 2026 counts released 18 August 2026"
      },
      {
        "source": "FWC applications",
        "fy26": "half-year",
        "note": "January–June 2026 quarterly reports not yet published"
      },
      {
        "source": "ASIC Series 3.3 failure reports",
        "fy26": "not yet",
        "note": "Annual release expected December 2026; FY2024-25 shown"
      },
      {
        "source": "Federal Court judgments",
        "fy26": "published",
        "note": "Collected from the court's public search"
      },
      {
        "source": "Small business commissioners",
        "fy26": "mostly not yet",
        "note": "Annual reports usually tabled October–December"
      },
      {
        "source": "State tribunals",
        "fy26": "mostly not yet",
        "note": "Annual reports usually tabled October–December"
      }
    ]
  },
  "needs": {
    "source": "Sprintlaw matters and client onboarding records (production, read-only), Australia only",
    "extracted_at": "2026-09-27T04:31:39Z",
    "rules_version": "needs-1.0",
    "areas": [
      "contracts",
      "employment",
      "setup",
      "ownership",
      "ip",
      "online",
      "leases",
      "other"
    ],
    "years": [
      {
        "fy": "2018-19",
        "matters_about": 500,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 39.4,
          "employment": 9.1,
          "setup": 2.8,
          "ownership": 10.4,
          "ip": 10.8,
          "online": 16.7,
          "leases": 4.8,
          "other": 6.1
        }
      },
      {
        "fy": "2019-20",
        "matters_about": 900,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 36.1,
          "employment": 7.3,
          "setup": 2.2,
          "ownership": 8.6,
          "ip": 19.9,
          "online": 16.4,
          "leases": 1.9,
          "other": 7.6
        }
      },
      {
        "fy": "2020-21",
        "matters_about": 1500,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 29.7,
          "employment": 7.0,
          "setup": 4.8,
          "ownership": 10.8,
          "ip": 19.4,
          "online": 17.2,
          "leases": 3.3,
          "other": 7.8
        }
      },
      {
        "fy": "2021-22",
        "matters_about": 2200,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 29.0,
          "employment": 8.0,
          "setup": 10.1,
          "ownership": 15.3,
          "ip": 11.7,
          "online": 12.4,
          "leases": 3.4,
          "other": 10.1
        }
      },
      {
        "fy": "2022-23",
        "matters_about": 2300,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 31.3,
          "employment": 8.4,
          "setup": 8.6,
          "ownership": 15.3,
          "ip": 11.4,
          "online": 10.9,
          "leases": 4.7,
          "other": 9.3
        }
      },
      {
        "fy": "2023-24",
        "matters_about": 2900,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 34.0,
          "employment": 8.7,
          "setup": 10.2,
          "ownership": 15.3,
          "ip": 11.7,
          "online": 10.3,
          "leases": 4.3,
          "other": 5.5
        }
      },
      {
        "fy": "2024-25",
        "matters_about": 3200,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 30.1,
          "employment": 9.4,
          "setup": 9.9,
          "ownership": 15.0,
          "ip": 11.3,
          "online": 12.8,
          "leases": 5.6,
          "other": 5.9
        }
      },
      {
        "fy": "2025-26",
        "matters_about": 3900,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 29.2,
          "employment": 9.8,
          "setup": 9.1,
          "ownership": 14.4,
          "ip": 12.9,
          "online": 14.0,
          "leases": 4.2,
          "other": 6.5
        }
      }
    ],
    "by_age": {
      "0": {
        "matters_about": 1350,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 25.9,
          "employment": 7.1,
          "setup": 10.7,
          "ownership": 14.7,
          "ip": 11.1,
          "online": 21.7,
          "leases": 5.0,
          "other": 3.8
        }
      },
      "1-2": {
        "matters_about": 1300,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 28.8,
          "employment": 10.8,
          "setup": 7.2,
          "ownership": 15.8,
          "ip": 12.7,
          "online": 14.7,
          "leases": 3.5,
          "other": 6.5
        }
      },
      "3-5": {
        "matters_about": 750,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 31.2,
          "employment": 11.9,
          "setup": 7.6,
          "ownership": 14.9,
          "ip": 13.1,
          "online": 11.7,
          "leases": 3.3,
          "other": 6.4
        }
      },
      "6+": {
        "matters_about": 1350,
        "shares": {
          "contracts": 34.0,
          "employment": 12.1,
          "setup": 6.9,
          "ownership": 13.0,
          "ip": 12.0,
          "online": 10.4,
          "leases": 5.1,
          "other": 6.5
        }
      }
    },
    "age_period": "2024-25 and 2025-26",
    "priorities": {
      "first": "2024-07-04",
      "last": "2026-09-27",
      "groups": {
        "all": {
          "all": {
            "businesses_about": 5080,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 65,
              "regulatory-compliance": 45,
              "data-protection-privacy": 43,
              "intellectual-property": 42,
              "business-structure-registration": 40,
              "employment-law": 33,
              "corporate-governance": 21
            }
          }
        },
        "age": {
          "6+": {
            "businesses_about": 1090,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 58,
              "regulatory-compliance": 34,
              "data-protection-privacy": 28,
              "intellectual-property": 32,
              "business-structure-registration": 28,
              "employment-law": 31,
              "corporate-governance": 16
            }
          },
          "3-5": {
            "businesses_about": 540,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 66,
              "regulatory-compliance": 37,
              "data-protection-privacy": 37,
              "intellectual-property": 40,
              "business-structure-registration": 36,
              "employment-law": 39,
              "corporate-governance": 23
            }
          },
          "0": {
            "businesses_about": 1660,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 67,
              "regulatory-compliance": 53,
              "data-protection-privacy": 54,
              "intellectual-property": 48,
              "business-structure-registration": 47,
              "employment-law": 28,
              "corporate-governance": 22
            }
          },
          "1-2": {
            "businesses_about": 870,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 70,
              "regulatory-compliance": 45,
              "data-protection-privacy": 43,
              "intellectual-property": 45,
              "business-structure-registration": 37,
              "employment-law": 36,
              "corporate-governance": 22
            }
          }
        },
        "structure": {
          "company": {
            "businesses_about": 3290,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 67,
              "regulatory-compliance": 45,
              "data-protection-privacy": 43,
              "intellectual-property": 42,
              "business-structure-registration": 36,
              "employment-law": 37,
              "corporate-governance": 24
            }
          },
          "sole-trader": {
            "businesses_about": 1040,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 65,
              "regulatory-compliance": 44,
              "data-protection-privacy": 48,
              "intellectual-property": 43,
              "business-structure-registration": 46,
              "employment-law": 23,
              "corporate-governance": 10
            }
          },
          "other": {
            "businesses_about": 240,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 51,
              "regulatory-compliance": 41,
              "data-protection-privacy": 34,
              "intellectual-property": 35,
              "business-structure-registration": 36,
              "employment-law": 26,
              "corporate-governance": 25
            }
          },
          "not-set-up": {
            "businesses_about": 290,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 51,
              "regulatory-compliance": 48,
              "data-protection-privacy": 48,
              "intellectual-property": 49,
              "business-structure-registration": 67,
              "employment-law": 25,
              "corporate-governance": 31
            }
          },
          "partnership": {
            "businesses_about": 210,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 64,
              "regulatory-compliance": 42,
              "data-protection-privacy": 35,
              "intellectual-property": 40,
              "business-structure-registration": 50,
              "employment-law": 31,
              "corporate-governance": 17
            }
          }
        },
        "staff": {
          "both": {
            "businesses_about": 780,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 71,
              "regulatory-compliance": 47,
              "data-protection-privacy": 39,
              "intellectual-property": 39,
              "business-structure-registration": 35,
              "employment-law": 55,
              "corporate-governance": 29
            }
          },
          "none": {
            "businesses_about": 2870,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 64,
              "regulatory-compliance": 47,
              "data-protection-privacy": 48,
              "intellectual-property": 45,
              "business-structure-registration": 43,
              "employment-law": 23,
              "corporate-governance": 20
            }
          },
          "employees": {
            "businesses_about": 880,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 61,
              "regulatory-compliance": 35,
              "data-protection-privacy": 30,
              "intellectual-property": 31,
              "business-structure-registration": 36,
              "employment-law": 42,
              "corporate-governance": 20
            }
          },
          "contractors": {
            "businesses_about": 550,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 69,
              "regulatory-compliance": 46,
              "data-protection-privacy": 43,
              "intellectual-property": 49,
              "business-structure-registration": 42,
              "employment-law": 36,
              "corporate-governance": 22
            }
          }
        },
        "sector": {
          "professional": {
            "businesses_about": 740,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 70,
              "regulatory-compliance": 43,
              "data-protection-privacy": 44,
              "intellectual-property": 41,
              "business-structure-registration": 36,
              "employment-law": 37,
              "corporate-governance": 24
            }
          },
          "media": {
            "businesses_about": 180,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 74,
              "regulatory-compliance": 43,
              "data-protection-privacy": 45,
              "intellectual-property": 49,
              "business-structure-registration": 31,
              "employment-law": 32,
              "corporate-governance": 13
            }
          },
          "arts": {
            "businesses_about": 240,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 63,
              "regulatory-compliance": 38,
              "data-protection-privacy": 38,
              "intellectual-property": 53,
              "business-structure-registration": 41,
              "employment-law": 30,
              "corporate-governance": 17
            }
          },
          "health": {
            "businesses_about": 660,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 67,
              "regulatory-compliance": 50,
              "data-protection-privacy": 45,
              "intellectual-property": 38,
              "business-structure-registration": 42,
              "employment-law": 44,
              "corporate-governance": 21
            }
          },
          "construction": {
            "businesses_about": 410,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 66,
              "regulatory-compliance": 36,
              "data-protection-privacy": 24,
              "intellectual-property": 26,
              "business-structure-registration": 34,
              "employment-law": 35,
              "corporate-governance": 17
            }
          },
          "finance": {
            "businesses_about": 190,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 64,
              "regulatory-compliance": 48,
              "data-protection-privacy": 40,
              "intellectual-property": 34,
              "business-structure-registration": 51,
              "employment-law": 31,
              "corporate-governance": 32
            }
          },
          "technology": {
            "businesses_about": 820,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 67,
              "regulatory-compliance": 50,
              "data-protection-privacy": 64,
              "intellectual-property": 59,
              "business-structure-registration": 43,
              "employment-law": 24,
              "corporate-governance": 26
            }
          },
          "online": {
            "businesses_about": 200,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 52,
              "regulatory-compliance": 46,
              "data-protection-privacy": 53,
              "intellectual-property": 62,
              "business-structure-registration": 47,
              "employment-law": 20,
              "corporate-governance": 16
            }
          },
          "manufacturing": {
            "businesses_about": 190,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 66,
              "regulatory-compliance": 49,
              "data-protection-privacy": 33,
              "intellectual-property": 52,
              "business-structure-registration": 40,
              "employment-law": 39,
              "corporate-governance": 27
            }
          },
          "retail": {
            "businesses_about": 240,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 63,
              "regulatory-compliance": 48,
              "data-protection-privacy": 36,
              "intellectual-property": 38,
              "business-structure-registration": 39,
              "employment-law": 30,
              "corporate-governance": 16
            }
          },
          "education": {
            "businesses_about": 210,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 64,
              "regulatory-compliance": 41,
              "data-protection-privacy": 48,
              "intellectual-property": 51,
              "business-structure-registration": 39,
              "employment-law": 32,
              "corporate-governance": 19
            }
          },
          "food": {
            "businesses_about": 120,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 66,
              "regulatory-compliance": 39,
              "data-protection-privacy": 24,
              "intellectual-property": 32,
              "business-structure-registration": 45,
              "employment-law": 43,
              "corporate-governance": 19
            }
          },
          "non-profit": {
            "businesses_about": 160,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 39,
              "regulatory-compliance": 49,
              "data-protection-privacy": 36,
              "intellectual-property": 25,
              "business-structure-registration": 52,
              "employment-law": 26,
              "corporate-governance": 39
            }
          },
          "agriculture": {
            "businesses_about": 120,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 39,
              "regulatory-compliance": 31,
              "data-protection-privacy": 25,
              "intellectual-property": 32,
              "business-structure-registration": 50,
              "employment-law": 24,
              "corporate-governance": 20
            }
          },
          "property": {
            "businesses_about": 190,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 68,
              "regulatory-compliance": 50,
              "data-protection-privacy": 40,
              "intellectual-property": 32,
              "business-structure-registration": 35,
              "employment-law": 36,
              "corporate-governance": 16
            }
          },
          "hospitality": {
            "businesses_about": 110,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 69,
              "regulatory-compliance": 39,
              "data-protection-privacy": 35,
              "intellectual-property": 31,
              "business-structure-registration": 32,
              "employment-law": 37,
              "corporate-governance": 17
            }
          },
          "travel": {
            "businesses_about": 60,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 62,
              "regulatory-compliance": 59,
              "data-protection-privacy": 54,
              "intellectual-property": 44,
              "business-structure-registration": 43,
              "employment-law": 24,
              "corporate-governance": 25
            }
          },
          "transport": {
            "businesses_about": 120,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 75,
              "regulatory-compliance": 39,
              "data-protection-privacy": 29,
              "intellectual-property": 21,
              "business-structure-registration": 43,
              "employment-law": 31,
              "corporate-governance": 13
            }
          },
          "personal": {
            "businesses_about": 120,
            "shares": {
              "contract-review": 64,
              "regulatory-compliance": 35,
              "data-protection-privacy": 33,
              "intellectual-property": 26,
              "business-structure-registration": 37,
              "employment-law": 25,
              "corporate-governance": 9
            }
          }
        }
      }
    },
    "matters_total_about": 17400,
    "validation_rate": 0.889,
    "notes": [
      "A matter is one piece of legal work Sprintlaw was engaged to do; cancelled matters and add-on fees are excluded.",
      "Areas come from each matter's title (its primary service) using sprintlaw_area_rules.sql.",
      "Sprintlaw clients are online-first small businesses and skew towards start-ups and professional, technology and online businesses; Sprintlaw does not run litigation, so disputes are under-represented.",
      "Priorities are chosen at onboarding (multi-select, since July 2024); shares are of businesses that chose at least one.",
      "Cells under 10 are suppressed."
    ]
  }
}