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Selected cases

Federal Court of Australia · [2026] FCA 251

ASIC v Green County

A Federal Court credit-law follow-on case about business-purpose declarations, unlicensed lending, adverse publicity orders and costs.

Federal Court of Australia20 Mar 2026

Plain-English explainers, not legal advice. Check the linked official source before you rely on a specific section, and get advice for your situation.

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Quick read

  • Business-purpose declarations are not a magic switch that removes credit law.
  • A Federal Court credit-law follow-on case about business-purpose declarations, unlicensed lending, adverse publicity orders and costs.

Use this to check

  • A business-purpose declaration may fail if reasonable inquiries are not made.
  • Loan introducers and lenders can both face credit-law exposure.
  • Adverse publicity orders require evidence that the proposed notice will serve a regulatory purpose.

Decision snapshot

  1. 1

    What happened

    • This judgment followed earlier liability and penalty judgments against Green County Pty Ltd and Max Funding Pty Ltd.
    • The Court had found that Green County and Max Funding contravened the National Consumer Credit Protection Act and National Credit Code in relation to four loans.
    • Green County operated a credit lending business between June 2017 and May 2021.
    • Max Funding advertised and referred prospective borrowers.
  2. 2

    What the court had to decide

    • The Federal Court had to decide whether revised adverse publicity orders should be made after credit-law contraventions had been found, and whether ASIC should pay Ms Ng's costs on an indemnity basis after rejecting a global settlement offer.
  3. 3

    What the court decided

    • The Court declined to make ASIC's revised adverse publicity orders.
    • It also rejected Ms Ng's application for indemnity costs, but ordered ASIC to pay her costs on the ordinary basis and otherwise dismissed the amended statement of claim.

Practical impact

Practical read

  • Business-purpose declarations are not a magic switch that removes credit law.
  • Lenders and introducers need reasonable inquiry records before treating a loan as outside consumer credit rules.

Useful next steps

  • A business-purpose declaration may fail if reasonable inquiries are not made.
  • Loan introducers and lenders can both face credit-law exposure.
  • Adverse publicity orders require evidence that the proposed notice will serve a regulatory purpose.
  • Regulators are not immune from ordinary costs orders where claims against a party fail.
  • Credit businesses should keep licensing, inquiry and borrower-purpose records together.

Practical read

This case is worth reading for any business that lends money, introduces borrowers, brokers finance or uses business-purpose declarations. The practical risk is assuming that paperwork alone decides the character of the loan. The earlier findings were that the corporate respondents needed a credit licence and that the National Credit Code applied, including where a business-purpose declaration did not work because reasonable inquiries had not been made.

The later judgment also shows that regulatory publicity orders are evidence-driven. ASIC wanted the companies to publish a notice about the findings and penalties through specified websites and publications. The Court accepted the regulatory purpose of adverse publicity orders, but was not satisfied on the evidence that the proposed publications would achieve that purpose or reach the right audience proportionately. So the revised publicity orders were not made.

For small finance businesses, the lesson is twofold. First, classification of a loan should be evidenced before the loan is made, especially if the business is relying on a declaration to avoid consumer-credit treatment. Second, if a regulator seeks corrective or publicity orders, the detail of the audience, placement, cost and purpose can matter just as much as the fact of contravention.

Checks to run

Key points

  • Record borrower purpose and the inquiries made before relying on a declaration.
  • Check whether your business needs an Australian credit licence before advertising or referring loans.
  • Keep introducer agreements and borrower communications with the loan file.
  • Treat regulator publicity orders as a practical communications issue as well as a legal issue.
  • Review settlement offers separately for each respondent where claims have different strengths.

Key takeaways

  • A business-purpose declaration may fail if reasonable inquiries are not made.
  • Loan introducers and lenders can both face credit-law exposure.
  • Adverse publicity orders require evidence that the proposed notice will serve a regulatory purpose.
  • Regulators are not immune from ordinary costs orders where claims against a party fail.
  • Credit businesses should keep licensing, inquiry and borrower-purpose records together.

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