Business Law Library & Tracker

Insolvency & Restructuring

Bankruptcy, company distress, cross-border insolvency, creditor risk and practical restructuring checkpoints for small businesses.

Sources last reviewed 8 June 2026

Main law guides

297

Acts, regulations and codes worth reading first

Topics

22

Plain-English clusters

Published case explainers

496

Selected cases with a business lesson

Tracked updates

110

New, amended & reviewed

Plain-English explainers, not legal advice. Use the linked official source for section-level detail, and get advice for your situation.

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Main laws

Main lawCommonwealth

Corporations Act 2001

Corporations Act 2001 (Cth)

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 1 June 2026
Companies & StartupsInsolvency & Restructuring
Main lawCommonwealth

Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (Cth)

Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (Cth)

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 1 June 2026
Finance, Payments & SecurityBusiness Registration & OperationsInsolvency & Restructuring
Main lawCommonwealth

Corporations Regulations 2001

Corporations Regulations 2001 (Cth)

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 7 June 2026
Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Main lawCommonwealth

Insolvency Practice Rules (Corporations) 2016

Insolvency Practice Rules (Corporations) 2016 (Cth)

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 7 June 2026
Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & Startups
Main lawCommonwealth

Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth)

Bankruptcy Act 1966 (Cth)

WatchlistIn force4 practical checks · checked 1 June 2026
Insolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Main lawCommonwealth

Insolvency Practice Rules (Bankruptcy) 2016

Insolvency Practice Rules (Bankruptcy) 2016 (Cth)

WatchlistIn force4 practical checks · checked 7 June 2026
Insolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Main lawCommonwealth

Bankruptcy Regulations 2021

Bankruptcy Regulations 2021 (Cth)

WatchlistIn force4 practical checks · checked 7 June 2026
Insolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Main lawCommonwealth

Cross-Border Insolvency Act 2008 (Cth)

Cross-Border Insolvency Act 2008 (Cth)

WatchlistIn force4 practical checks · checked 1 June 2026
Insolvency & RestructuringContracts & Commercial

Tracker

  1. Case8 June 2026

    Current voidable transaction and payroll tax cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for related-party asset transfers before liquidation and payroll-tax unfair preference recovery. The practical theme is insolvency evidence discipline: sale processes, valuations, payment plans, tax arrears, related-party dealings and creditor communications need to be recorded before a later liquidator, creditor or court has to reconstruct them.

    Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsTax & BAS ComplianceFinance, Payments & Security
  2. Case8 June 2026

    Current insolvency recovery and administration cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for director settlement enforcement, voidable transaction investigation windows, liquidation funding and group administration timing. The practical theme is insolvency record discipline: settlement deeds, payment records, labour hire arrangements, asset registers, employee entitlements and entity maps need to be clear before a liquidator or administrator has to reconstruct them.

    Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsContracts & CommercialEmployment & WorkplaceFinance, Payments & Security
  3. Case8 June 2026

    Current administration and security for costs cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for voluntary administration timing and security for costs in commercial litigation. The practical theme is cash-flow pressure under legal process: creditor meetings, prepaid customers, employee entitlements, possible business sales and litigation security can all become urgent commercial issues once a dispute or insolvency process starts.

    Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsEmployment & WorkplaceConsumer Law & TradingContracts & CommercialFinance, Payments & Security
  4. Case8 June 2026

    Current schemes, patent and disclosure cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for shareholder schemes, re-domiciliation, patent opposition evidence, patent validity, liquidation recovery timing and listed-company disclosure. The practical theme is evidence before the event: deal disclosure, investor forecasts, patent specifications and related-party transaction records need to be good enough before a court or regulator tests them.

    Companies & StartupsFinance, Payments & SecurityContracts & CommercialIP & Brand ProtectionInsolvency & RestructuringConsumer Law & Trading
  5. Case8 June 2026

    Current PPSR, employment and patent cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for PPSR information requests, indemnity and novation disputes, Fair Work pleading discipline, Fair Work costs, retail underpayment litigation timing and patent amendment strategy. The practical thread is records before disputes: secured finance records, settlement deeds, payroll records, employment decision trails and patent specifications need to be clear before a court has to reconstruct them.

    Finance, Payments & SecurityContracts & CommercialEmployment & WorkplacePayroll & Employer PaymentsIP & Brand ProtectionInsolvency & Restructuring
  6. Case8 June 2026

    Current brand, scheme and liquidation cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for brand ownership, composite trade marks, scheme disclosure, ASIC company records, corporate trustees, employee priority claims in liquidation and investor class-action amendments. The practical theme is evidence discipline: ownership records, transaction updates, trustee files, payroll records and financial reporting need to be good enough to survive later scrutiny.

    IP & Brand ProtectionCompanies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringEmployment & WorkplaceFinance, Payments & Security
  7. Case8 June 2026

    Current Federal Court governance and regulated product cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for derivative actions, confidential contracts in restructuring disputes, joint venture accounting, employment settlement releases, therapeutic goods compliance and product patents. The practical theme is governance before conflict: keep the authority trail clean, verify regulated claims, document revenue and settlement records, and make IP filings match the real product.

    Companies & StartupsContracts & CommercialInsolvency & RestructuringCommercial Leases & PropertyEmployment & WorkplaceConsumer Law & TradingIP & Brand Protection
  8. Case8 June 2026

    Current Federal Court contract and records cases added

    This batch adds official Federal Court explainers for group-company service contracts, director loan accounts, related-party insolvency claims, restraint disputes, creative attribution and bankruptcy-notice enforcement. The practical thread for small businesses is source-backed record discipline: write who is liable, document where money goes, keep exit and credit evidence clean, and make formal enforcement steps precise.

    Contracts & CommercialCompanies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringEmployment & WorkplaceIP & Brand ProtectionFinance, Payments & Security
  9. Case8 June 2026

    Current employment, insolvency and asset-control cases added

    This batch adds selected explainers for employment discovery, supplier preference claims, trading trust insolvency, derivative company litigation, ASIC travel restraints and urgent freezing orders. The practical thread for small businesses is evidence discipline: keep the records that prove who decided what, where money went, what assets exist and how the business responded when a dispute became formal.

    Employment & WorkplaceInsolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsContracts & CommercialFinance, Payments & Security
  10. Case8 June 2026

    Current governance, insurance and restructuring cases added

    This batch adds current official-source explainers for workplace injunctions, shareholder-deed control, secured-property enforcement, business insurance disclosure, DOCA funding and member-organisation oppression. The practical thread for small businesses is governance discipline: keep decision reasons, insurance disclosures, meeting notices, funding authority and enforcement records clear before a dispute becomes urgent court work.

    Employment & WorkplaceCompanies & StartupsContracts & CommercialFinance, Payments & SecurityInsolvency & RestructuringNot-for-Profits & Charities
  11. Case8 June 2026

    Current dispute, insolvency and platform cases added

    This batch adds official-source explainers for live Federal Court and Full Court decisions involving subcontract disputes, winding-up review steps, freezing orders, enterprise agreement approval challenges, voluntary administration trading, product marketing claims and regulated digital platforms. The business theme is control: keep records current, keep public claims matched to evidence, and get legal help before a dispute or regulator process becomes procedural damage control.

    Contracts & CommercialCompanies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringEmployment & WorkplaceConsumer Law & TradingDigital & Ecommerce
  12. Case7 June 2026

    Current governance, insolvency, privacy and PPSR cases added

    The selected cases section now adds ten more official-source explainers covering shareholder sale confidentiality, related-entity employment structures, company-books inspection, derivative actions, AGM communications, DOCAs, environmental obligations in administration, privacy complaint files, late PPSR registration and administrator appointment records. The batch is focused on business operators, directors, founders, lenders, investors and advisers who need the practical story behind recent judgments.

    Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringPrivacy & DataFinance, Payments & SecurityContracts & Commercial
  13. Case7 June 2026

    Current employment, IP and insolvency cases added

    The selected cases section now includes another current Federal Court batch for employment dismissal process, probation and notice handling, customer-claim insolvency distributions, cross-border liquidator examinations, employee-created brand ownership and security documents under bankruptcy pressure. These are operator-friendly case stories for employers, founders, directors, finance teams and businesses holding customer money or valuable IP.

    Employment & WorkplaceIP & Brand ProtectionInsolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & SecurityContracts & Commercial
  14. New7 June 2026

    Insolvency process coverage added

    Businesses, directors and creditors can now browse a stronger insolvency and restructuring cluster covering company distress, PPSR priority, personal bankruptcy exposure, external administration process, trustee communications, creditor meetings, proofs of debt and practical records to collect before getting legal help.

    Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsFinance, Payments & Security
  15. Case7 June 2026

    Current product, governance and restructuring cases added

    Business owners now have richer selected-case explainers for product safety claims, restricted-purpose funding, company reinstatement, restructuring deeds, shareholder litigation planning, director duties, construction contracts, misleading loan promises, fuel advertising and consumer guarantee claims after resale.

    Consumer Law & TradingCompanies & StartupsContracts & CommercialConstruction & TradesFinance, Payments & SecurityInsolvency & Restructuring
  16. Amendment15 Dec 2020

    Small-business insolvency reform history added

    This is directly relevant to directors of distressed small companies. The reforms introduced a small business restructuring pathway and simplified liquidation process, while also allowing more external administration documents to be handled electronically. It belongs in the Corporations Act history because it changes the choices directors and creditors may face before liquidation becomes the only practical option.

    Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
  17. Amendment29 Feb 2016

    Insolvency practice reform history added

    This is useful background for anyone dealing with administrators, liquidators or trustees. The reform changed important parts of insolvency practitioner registration, discipline, committee, creditor and practice rules. For small businesses, the practical point is that insolvency is not just a court process. It has a regulated professional framework around who can act and how information and creditor rights are managed.

    Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security

Cases

Supreme Court of New South Wales[2026] NSWSC 6465 June 2026

Apollo Kitchens true employer directions

Related-entity payroll structures should be documented properly. If one company is named as employer but another company funds wages and receives the labour,...

Read explainer
Employment & WorkplaceCompanies & StartupsInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 1995 Mar 2026

ASIC v MWL Financial Services

Financial advice businesses need controls over referral models, conflicts, client files and product recommendations. A company entering liquidation does not stop...

Read explainer
Finance, Payments & SecurityCompanies & StartupsInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 43517 Mar 2026

Birch, in the matter of Vitrinite

When a business group collapses, creditors need more than a headline answer. Administrators must work out employee entitlements, secured creditor positions, asset...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsEmployment & WorkplaceFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 47116 Apr 2026

Bredenkamp, in the matter of Ultima United

Company directors cannot assume being overseas puts insolvency examinations out of reach. Liquidators can seek overseas service and substituted service orders,...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & Startups
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 7014 June 2026

Bunter v Hardy, in the matter of FT Sydney

Commercial confidentiality in litigation needs evidence, precision and a real link to the administration of justice. A party cannot simply point to a confidential...

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Contracts & CommercialInsolvency & RestructuringCommercial Leases & Property
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 26613 Mar 2026

Castel Electronics indemnity costs

Settlement deeds, indemnities and novations need to say exactly who carries the risk after a transaction. If the wording and surrounding conduct leave room for...

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Contracts & CommercialInsolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & SecurityEmployment & Workplace
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 49624 Apr 2026

Chan v Moore

Director loan accounts are only as useful as the records behind them. If related-party money moves across borders, through family members or between connected...

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Companies & StartupsFinance, Payments & SecurityInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 1223 Jan 2026

Clean Energy Regulator v Emerging Energy

Carbon, emissions and clean-energy schemes can keep generating regulatory risk after a company enters liquidation. Registry account controls, authorised...

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Environment, Waste & PollutionBusiness Registration & OperationsInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 5768 May 2026

Clearwater Logging liquidation

Employee underpayment claims can affect the whole liquidation waterfall. Creditors should watch how liquidators classify wage claims, because priority treatment can...

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Insolvency & RestructuringEmployment & WorkplaceFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 58612 May 2026

Crawford, in the matter of Carbon Revolution

Administrators may need Court orders before trading a distressed company through a rescue transaction. Suppliers, employees and directors should watch who bears...

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Insolvency & RestructuringContracts & CommercialEmployment & Workplace
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 43917 Apr 2026

Credit Suisse AG v Gu

Security documents and asset transfers made under financial pressure need precise drafting and real due diligence. Calling something a caveatable interest, mortgage...

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Finance, Payments & SecurityInsolvency & RestructuringContracts & CommercialCompanies & Startups
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 518 Feb 2026

Dang, in the matter of JMJ Cosmetic

Once a company is in liquidation, directors lose control over company powers unless the Corporations Act or the Court allows a specific step. If a winding-up order...

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Companies & StartupsInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 16720 Feb 2026

Forever Winner v Shenzhen Xinhe

Freezing orders can reach beyond the main defendant where related companies or asset transfers create a real risk that a judgment will go unpaid. Business groups...

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Companies & StartupsFinance, Payments & SecurityInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 2239 Mar 2026

Frisken v E K Recruitment

A DOCA and creditors trust can help a business exit external administration, but messy drafting creates expensive uncertainty. The deed needs to say exactly what...

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Insolvency & RestructuringContracts & Commercial
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 5394 May 2026

Fung, in the matter of VeroGuard Systems

Rescue funding during a DOCA needs clean authority and clear risk allocation. Administrators, directors and funders should document why funding is needed, who...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & Startups
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 28117 Mar 2026

Gastevich v Starwest Investments

Late PPSR registration can put a secured creditor at risk if the grantor later enters external administration. Security workflows need to happen when the deal is...

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Finance, Payments & SecurityInsolvency & RestructuringContracts & Commercial
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 8113 Feb 2026

Great Energy WA v Northern Iron

A PPSR registration deadline is not admin trivia. If a business supplies equipment, stock or financed assets on credit, someone needs to know exactly when...

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Finance, Payments & SecurityContracts & CommercialInsolvency & Restructuring
Supreme Court of New South Wales[2026] NSWSC 6293 June 2026

Great Northern and Ironbark statutory demands

A statutory demand is not a normal invoice reminder. If there is a real dispute about whether the debt is due, the amount owed or the timing of repayment, directors...

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Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 67415 May 2026

K.N.D Associates liquidation extension

If a company collapses after related-party transactions, liquidators can seek extra time to investigate and bring recovery claims. Directors and related entities...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 1723 Jan 2026

Kanevsky, in the matter of MA Services Property Group

Trading through a trust can become complicated fast when the corporate trustee enters administration. Directors, creditors and administrators need to know whether...

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Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringCommercial Leases & Property
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 1924 Mar 2026

Kirk v Commissioner of State Revenue

Payroll tax, payment plans and insolvency do not sit in separate boxes. If a company pays old tax debts shortly before liquidation, those payments can be attacked...

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Insolvency & RestructuringTax & BAS ComplianceEmployment & WorkplaceFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 65424 Apr 2026

Liberty Bell Bay administration directions

Environmental obligations can shape an administration or sale process. If a distressed business operates a site with permits, hazardous materials or pollution...

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Insolvency & RestructuringEnvironment, Waste & Pollution
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 11618 Feb 2026

Lumina BPO v Cocoon Data

Group service contracts should identify every company that is actually on the hook for fees. If one company is only the payroll or administration vehicle, suppliers...

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Contracts & CommercialCompanies & StartupsInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 2096 Mar 2026

Michales v CharterLaw Legal

Bankruptcy notices and statutory enforcement steps are deadline-driven. If a debtor says there is a set-off, cross-claim or defect, the evidence has to connect...

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Finance, Payments & SecurityContracts & CommercialInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 5361 May 2026

Narayan, in the matter of Elexsys Energy

Trade credit and retention-of-title clauses need PPSR discipline. If goods, equipment or inventory are supplied on credit, the paperwork and registrations should...

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Finance, Payments & SecurityContracts & CommercialInsolvency & Restructuring
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 6228 May 2026

Olsen, in the matter of Babyskin Laser & Cosmetic Clinic

Voluntary administration is not just a pause button. For a small company, the second creditors' meeting can decide whether the business is sold, rescued through a...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsEmployment & WorkplaceConsumer Law & Trading
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 5667 May 2026

Rix Electrical Contracting v Aitchison

Liquidation claims against directors can turn into settlement enforcement very quickly. If a director settles claims for insolvent trading, director-related...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsContracts & Commercial
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 5708 May 2026

Rock Solid Mining Services administration appointment

If a company appoints an administrator, the board resolution and insolvency opinion need to be properly recorded. A messy appointment can create avoidable...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & Startups
Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCAFC 608 May 2026

SCL AUS v Kirkalocka Gold SPV

A deed of company arrangement can reshape contract rights that look future-facing. If your business relies on royalties, caveats or transfer restrictions,...

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Insolvency & RestructuringContracts & CommercialFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 9813 Feb 2026

Scorpion and the Frog liquidation

If a company acts as trustee, liquidation can become messy fast. Trust deeds, appointment powers, asset records and family or beneficiary disputes should be clear...

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Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringContracts & Commercial
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 5321 May 2026

Sozou, in the matter of Comm TC

Poor company records and unexplained related-party payments do not disappear when a company goes into liquidation. They can give liquidators more reason to seek...

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Insolvency & RestructuringContracts & CommercialCompanies & StartupsEmployment & Workplace
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 53130 Apr 2026

Sozou, in the matter of SSG NSW

Businesses paid by a customer that later enters liquidation should not assume an unfair preference claim will arrive as a standalone case. Liquidators may try to...

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Insolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 47016 Apr 2026

White, in the matter of Profounder Turfmaster

A liquidation can need external funding before creditors see any recovery. Where a liquidator wants to enter a funding agreement or legal retainer that will run for...

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Insolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & SecurityCompanies & StartupsContracts & Commercial
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 62714 May 2026

Woodhouse, in the matter of Forex Capital Trading

When a customer-facing financial business collapses, records, claim assessment processes and communication plans become the difference between an orderly...

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Insolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCAFC 398 Apr 2026

Yang v Wong

Money routed through related companies may be commercially suspect, but the legal claim still has to fit the statute. Liquidators, assignees and creditors need to...

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Companies & StartupsInsolvency & RestructuringFinance, Payments & Security
Federal Court of Australia[2026] FCA 3977 Apr 2026

Yeo v J & K Cheung Investments

Selling business assets to a related party right before liquidation is high-risk, especially where tax debts, unpaid creditors and undervalue allegations are...

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Insolvency & RestructuringCompanies & StartupsContracts & CommercialFinance, Payments & Security